Fig. 5From: Multi-component gene network design as a survival strategy in diverse environmentsResults of the competition experiment in Environment D (1% galactose). a Final expression level distributions of the 16 strains. b Average PGAL1-YFP expression level of the 16 strains. Expression levels are normalized to the expression level of the reference strain in the same sample. Error bars indicate s.e.m. (N = 9). Stars indicate statistically significant differences from wild-type strain as determined by a two-tailed Student’s t-test (Bonferroni-corrected p-value: ****: p < 0.0001; ***: p < 0.001; **: p < 0.01; *: p < 0.05). c Average fitness value of the 16 strains, normalized to the average fitness value of the wild-type strain. Error bars indicate s.e.m. (N = 9). Stars indicate statistically significant differences from wild-type strain as determined by a two-tailed Student’s t-test (Bonferroni-corrected p-value: ****: p < 0.0001; ***: p < 0.001; **: p < 0.01; *: p < 0.05). d Plot of expression vs. fitness for the 16 strains. Solid line is the prediction of the fitted linear model. The dotted, dashed, and dotted-dashed lines show the prediction of the model at 0.1%, 0.3% and 2% galactose, respectively. Error bars indicate s.e.m. (N = 9). e Average effect of copy number reduction on fitness for the four genes in this environment. Error bars indicate uncertainty calculated from the s.e.m. of the fitness measurementsBack to article page