Skip to main content
Fig. 2 | BMC Systems Biology

Fig. 2

From: Period doubling cascades of limit cycles in cardiac action potential models as precursors to chaotic early Afterdepolarizations

Fig. 2

Restitution Curves obtained from Chaotic Voltage Traces. Plots of the action potential duration APD n+1 vs. the diastolic interval DI n as obtained directly from the simulated voltage traces. PP) APD restitution curve corresponding to Fig. 1PP as previously shown in [12] and similar to the APD restitution curve presented in [5]. There, the steepness of the slope of the curve has been identified as the reason for obtaining chaotic APD variations, see our discussion of the map Eq. (1). As the cell is only stimulated after full repolarization, the same restitution curve is obtained when using Eq. (3) for the determination of DI. PV) APD restitution corresponding to Fig. 1PV, not previously published. As opposed to PP, the location of the data points no longer justifies to consider the relation (APD,DI) as a single-valued function. Consequently, a map Eq. (1) for the analysis of the chaotic EAD dynamics cannot be constructed. Using Eq. (3) one would obtain negative values of DI due to stimulations before full repolarization. UP) APD restitution corresponding to Fig. 1UP, which even further deviates from PP than PV. Again, the scattered location of (APD,DI) data points prevents to analyze the chaotic EAD dynamics via Eq. (1). As PCL is not involved, Eq. (3) is not applicable

Back to article page