Figure 8
From: Signaling dynamics of palmitate-induced ER stress responses mediated by ATF4 in HepG2 cells
Essential signaling network of palmitate-induced ATF4 expression. The direct interactions between p38-CREB1 and Ras-CREB1 are deleted. The PP1 feedback to eIF2α is removed. Along with the essential feedback structure between ATF4 and CREB1, three main downstream signaling pathways are summarized: 1) Early response with PACT-PKR and PERK, 2) Slower response with PKA and 3) Ca2+ signaling.