Figure 1

Modeling of the coupled local and global feedback circuits and the dynamical switching of beta-gamma power. (A) Frequency spectrum of the coupled local and global feedback circuits along with the varying local connection strength. Schematic diagram of the local and global feedback circuit was shown. Bottom figure represents the frequency spectrum in the case of local connection strength of 0 and 3, which correspond to 2-node positive feedback and the CLGF circuit, respectively. (B) (Top) Changes in the gamma power of oscillators a and b along with the increase of local connection strength. (Bottom) Changes in beta band phase locking value between oscillators a and b. (C) (Top) Representative example of the beta-gamma power switching in MEG data. Time-frequency pattern of beta and gamma bands power. (Bottom) Averaged power plot of beta and gamma bands. (D) Schematic representation of beta-gamma power switching. In each 1 ms time step, 0 was assigned for no switching and 1 for beta-gamma power switching. The duration of beta-gamma switching was determined by summing all these values, and the frequency of switching events was determined by counting the number of time steps changing from 0 to 1. (E) The duration and (F) the frequency of beta-gamma power switching in both normal and schizophrenia patients groups. Both measurements are significantly reduced in the patients group (p = 0.00015 and p = 0.000065). Bars and vertical lines indicate mean and standard errors, respectively.