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Table 2 Differential urinary metabolites between HUPM and LUPM patients

From: Systematic variations associated with renal disease uncovered by parallel metabolomics of urine and serum

No.

Compounds

VIP a

p-Value b

FDR c

FC d

Biochemical pathway

1

cis-Aconitic acid

1.73

9.87E-03

2.42E-02

-0.74

TCA cycle

2

Lactose

1.55

2.23E-02

3.54E-02

-0.45

Galactose metabolism

3

Erythritol

1.72

9.99E-03

2.25E-02

0.41

Polyol metabolism

4

Xylitol

1.39

4.27E-02

4.80E-02

0.30

Pentose and glucuronate interconversions

5

Galactitol

1.38

4.86E-02

4.86E-02

0.62

Galactose metabolism

6

Inositol

1.73

9.63E-03

2.60E-02

1.00

Galactose metabolism

7

Glyceric acid

1.52

2.54E-02

3.43E-02

0.69

Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism

8

2,4-Dihydroxybutyric acid

1.74

9.20E-03

2.76E-02

0.44

Fatty acid metabolism

9

Threonic acid

2.17

7.40E-04

6.66E-03

0.35

Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism

10

2-Deoxyribonic acid

1.58

1.97E-02

3.32E-02

0.39

 

11

2-Ketogluconic acid

1.71

1.07E-02

2.22E-02

0.41

 

12

Glutaric acid

1.66

1.37E-02

2.47E-02

0.48

Fatty acid metabolism, Lysine degradation

13

3-Methylglutaric acid

1.74

9.12E-03

3.08E-02

0.48

Leucine metabolism

14

Adipic acid

2.17

6.97E-04

9.41E-03

0.58

Fatty acid metabolism

15

2-Hydroxyglutaric acid

1.94

3.13E-03

1.41E-02

0.40

Fatty acid metabolism

16

Suberic acid

1.70

1.30E-02

2.51E-02

0.54

Fatty acid metabolism

17

3-Hydroxysebacic acid

1.56

2.36E-02

3.54E-02

0.80

Fatty acid metabolism

18

Mandelic acid

1.44

3.47E-02

4.46E-02

0.50

Aminobenzoate degradation

19

4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid

1.41

3.86E-02

4.53E-02

0.37

Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism

20

Vanillic acid

1.36

4.70E-02

4.88E-02

0.25

Gut microflora metabolism

21

3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

1.42

3.83E-02

4.70E-02

0.69

phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis

22

4-Hydroxyphenyllactic acid

1.52

2.53E-02

3.60E-02

0.49

Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism

23

Vanillactic acid

2.04

1.66E-03

1.12E-02

1.15

Gut microflora metabolism

24

Cytosine

1.91

3.71E-03

1.43E-02

0.81

Pyrimidine metabolism

25

Quinolinic acid

2.31

2.53E-04

6.83E-03

0.61

Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism

26

Cholesterol

1.97

2.70E-03

1.46E-02

1.51

Steroid biosynthesis

  1. a Variable importance in the projection (VIP) was obtained from PLS-DA model with value higher than 1.0;
  2. b The p-value calculated from two-tailed Student's t test;
  3. c FDR adjusted p value from two-tailed Student's t test;
  4. d Fold change was calculated as binary logarithm of average mass response (normalized peak area) ratio between HUPM and LUPM patients, where the positive value means that the average mass response of the metabolite in the HUPM group is larger than that in the LUPM group.