Figure 1

P. putida reactions for growth on 1,2,4-TCB. The reaction network used to integrate the degradation products of 1,2,4-TCB into P. putida metabolism and the cellular processes involved in generating the required reducing power (electrons and/or NADH) are shown. Central carbon metabolism includes the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, gluconeogenesis, and the TCA cycle. The acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) reaction, involved in toluene metabolism, was also used to generate NADH. The overall reactions for eight different pathways were implemented individually; the reaction network resulting from implementation of overall reaction [K] is given here. Reaction networks for all eight overall reactions studied are shown in Additional File 1. The units for the flux values are mmol/gDW/h. Compound abbreviations are given in the appendix.